BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 7th paragraph
It is desirable, therefore, to provide a smart card system which does not require a relatively expensive reader to access the information and/or functionality present in a card. With such a capability, the smart card is able to directly communicate with a variety of different types of peripheral devices that do not require a protocol associated with ISO standards and the like. Consistent with this objective, however, it is further desirable to provide such a system which remains compatible with currently existing smart card systems that comply with established standards.
United States Patent 6,199,128 Inventors: Sarat; Jean-Marc (Belmont, CA)